Present Indefinite Tense - Positive
वर्तमान अनिश्चित काल - सकारात्मक
Present Indefinite Tense | |
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Type of Sentence | Rule |
Positive | Subject + Verb (Ist form) + s/es + Object + (.) |
In present indefinite tense, if the subject is third person singular, ‘s’ or ‘es’ is added with first form of verb.
प्रेज़न्ट इन्डेफिनेट टेन्स में वर्ब के साथ ''s' या 'es' का प्रयोग तभी करते हैं जब वाक्य का सब्जेक्ट थर्ड पर्सन सिंगुलर हो ।
Present indefinite tense meiN verb key saath ‘s’ yaa ‘es’ kaa prayog tabhee karate hai jab vaakya kaa subject third person singular ho.
What is First person, Second person and Third person. | ||
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First person | I and We | Speaking person |
Second person | you | Person to whom spoken |
Third person | he, she, it, they,Ram | Person(s) about whom/which spoken. (Everyone except I, we & you). |
पहला व्यक्ति | मैं और हम | बोलने वाला व्यक्ति |
दूसरा व्यक्ति | तुम | जिस व्यक्ति को कहा जाता है |
तीसरा व्यक्ति | वह, वे, राम | व्यक्ति / वस्तु जिसके बारे में कहा जाता है (मैं, हम और तुम - 'I, we, you' को छोड़ कर दुनिया की बाकि सब चीजें) |
He studies in college / I study in school. - Subject 'He' is third person singular, hence 's/es' is added with the verb and 'I' is first person hence 's/es' is not added with the verb.
Dog barks / Dogs bark - Here 's/es' is added when subject is third person singular and 's/es' is not added when subject becomes third person plural.
Dog barks / Dogs bark - Here 's/es' is added when subject is third person singular and 's/es' is not added when subject becomes third person plural.
He studies in college / I study in school. - कर्ता 'He' तीसरा व्यक्ति (एकवचन) है इसलिए 's/es' को वर्ब के साथ जोड़ा गया है और कर्ता 'I' पहला व्यक्ति है इसलिए 's/es' वर्ब के साथ नही जोड़ा गया है ।
Dog barks / Dogs bark - कर्ता 'Dog' तीसरा व्यक्ति (एकवचन) है इसलिए 's/es' को वर्ब के साथ जोड़ा गया है और जब कर्ता तीसरा व्यक्ति ही है परंतु बहुवचन हो जाता है तब वर्ब के साथ 's/es' नही जोड़ा जाता ।
Dog barks / Dogs bark - कर्ता 'Dog' तीसरा व्यक्ति (एकवचन) है इसलिए 's/es' को वर्ब के साथ जोड़ा गया है और जब कर्ता तीसरा व्यक्ति ही है परंतु बहुवचन हो जाता है तब वर्ब के साथ 's/es' नही जोड़ा जाता ।
He studies in college / I study in school. - Kartaa 'He' teesaraa vyakti (ekvachan) hai isliye 's/es' ko verb ke saath joDaa gayaa hai aur Kartaa 'I' pahalaa vyakti hai isliye 's/es' verb ke saath nahee joDaa gayaa hai.
Dog barks / Dogs bark - Kartaa 'Dog' teesaraa vyakti (ekvachan) hai isliye 's/es' ko verb ke saath joDaa gayaa hai aur jab Kartaa teesaraa vyakti hee hai parantu bahuvachan ho jaataa hai tab verb ke saath 's/es' nahee joDaa jaataa.
Dog barks / Dogs bark - Kartaa 'Dog' teesaraa vyakti (ekvachan) hai isliye 's/es' ko verb ke saath joDaa gayaa hai aur jab Kartaa teesaraa vyakti hee hai parantu bahuvachan ho jaataa hai tab verb ke saath 's/es' nahee joDaa jaataa.
Present Indefinite Tense - Positive | मैं मंगलवार को मंदिर जाता हूँ । me mangalwar ko mandir jata hun | ||
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Person | Subject | Observe addition of 's' or 'es' with verb | |
Ist Person -Singular | I | Go | to Temple on त Tuesday. |
Ist Person -Plural | We | Go | to Temple on Tuesday. |
2nd Person | You | Go | to Temple on Tuesday. |
3rd Person -Singular | He/She/It/Ram/Seema | Goes | to Temple on Tuesday. |
3rd Person -Plural | They/boys | Go | to Temple on Tuesday. |
General rule of adding ‘s’ or ‘es’ with verb
क्रिया के साथ 'S' या 'es' जोड़ने का सामान्य नियम
Uses of S and Es In present Simple sentences In English Grammar Through HINDI /Rules of S/Es In Urdu
click here for video lesson
"es" is added with verb which ends with letter" " | Examples |
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"O" | Go-goes, Do-does, |
"CH" | Teach-teaches, Fetch-fetches |
"SS" | Miss-misses, Kiss-kisses |
"SH" | Finish-finishes, Wash-washes |
"X" | Box-boxes, fax-faxes |
When last letter of verb is 'y' and second last letter is a consonant, then for adding 's' with the verb, the letter 'y' is replaced with 'ies' jaise - study-studies, cry-cries, try-tries. When last letter of verb is 'y' and second last letter is a vowel, then we just add 's' after 'y' jaise - obey-obeys, play-plays, day-days. In almost other cases, "s" is added with the verb. |
A sentence must have a verb. When another verb comes in the sentence, 'To' is used before another verb(s) (other than main verb). e.g. He goes to park to see Anita. Here main verb is 'go' which is used as per rule of the tense and another verb is 'see' hence 'to' is used before verb 'see'.
वाक्य का लगभग पहला शब्द सब्जेक्ट होता है । जिस शब्द के अंत में 'ना', 'नी', 'ने' का प्रयोग हो उसे वर्ब कहते हैं (जैसे - लिखना, पढ़ना, सोना, आदि)
हिन्दी के वाक्यों में मुख्य वर्ब काल के नियमानुसार होता है जैसे खेलता हूँ, खेला, खेलुंगा, आदि । जब हिन्दी के वाक्य में, वर्ब के अंत में 'ना / ने' का प्रयोग हो तो हम वर्ब से पहले 'To' का प्रयोग करते हैं (जैसे - वह पार्क में अनिता से मिलने जाता है - इस वाक्य में वर्ब 'मिलने' के अंत में 'ने' आया है अतः इस से पहले 'To' का प्रयोग करेंगे - He goes park to see Anita.)
Vaakya kaa lagbhag pahalaa shabd Subject hotaa hai. Jis shabd ke ant meiN 'naa, nee, ne' kaa prayog ho use verb kahate hai (jaise-likhanaa, paDhanaa, sonaa, aadee)
Hindi ke vaakyo meiN mukhya verb Kaal ke niyamaanusaar hotaa hai jaise khelataa hoon, khelaa, khelunga, aadee. Jab Hindi ke vaakya meN, verb ke ant meiN 'naa/ne' kaa prayog ho to ham verb se pahale 'To' kaa prayog karate hai (jaise - Vah park meiN Anita se milane jaataa hai - is vaakya meiN verb ' milane' ke ant meiN 'ne' aayaa hai atah is se pahale 'to' kaa prayog karenge - (He goes to park to see Anita.)
Hindi ke vaakyo meiN mukhya verb Kaal ke niyamaanusaar hotaa hai jaise khelataa hoon, khelaa, khelunga, aadee. Jab Hindi ke vaakya meN, verb ke ant meiN 'naa/ne' kaa prayog ho to ham verb se pahale 'To' kaa prayog karate hai (jaise - Vah park meiN Anita se milane jaataa hai - is vaakya meiN verb ' milane' ke ant meiN 'ne' aayaa hai atah is se pahale 'to' kaa prayog karenge - (He goes to park to see Anita.)
When 'Come or Go' is used before name of places in a sentence, 'To' is used after 'Come/Go' 'To' is not used before the words - 'Home / Abroad / Here / There'
स्थान से पहले जब भी 'come/go' का प्रयोग हो तो 'come/go, के बाद अपनी तरफ से 'To' का प्रयोग करते हैं । इन शब्द 'Home / Abroad / Here / There' से पहले 'To' को प्रयोग नही करते हैं ।
Sthaan se pahale jab bhee 'come/go' kaa prayog ho to 'come/go' ke baad apanee taraf se 'To' kaa prayog karate hai. In shabd 'Home / Abroad / Here / There' se pahale 'To' kaa prayog nahee karate hai.
Examples
वाक्य | Sentence |
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हम भोपाल जाने की योजना बनाते हैं । (hum bhopal jane ki yojanaayen bana rhe hai) | We plan to go to Bhopal. |
वे विदेश जाने की योजना बनाते हैं । yeh videsh jane ki yojanaayen banate hai | They plan to go abroad. |
कृपया यहां आइए । kripya yahan aaiye | Please come here |
कृपया वहां जाइए । kripya wahan jaiye | Please go there |
कृपया मेरे पास आओ । kripya mere paas aao | Please come to me. |
वह घर जाता है । wah ghar jata hai | He goes home. |
मां अपने बच्चे की रक्षा करने के लिए झूठ बोलती है । maa apne bacho ki raksha karne ke liye jhoot bolti hai | Mother tells lie to protect her child. |
वह केवल खाने के लिए घर आता है । wah kewal kkhane ke liye ghar aata hai | He comes home only to take food. |
नाज काम करने इंद्रपुरी जाती है । naaz kaam karne indrapuri jati hai | Naaz goes to work to Indrapuri. |
नेता वोट मांगने आते हैं । Neta vote maangane aate hai | Leaders come to ask for vote. |
शिल्पा कॉलेज मस्ती करने जाती है । Shilpa college masti karne jati hai | Shilpa goes to college to enjoy. |
कनिका इग्जैम पास करने के लिए कड़ी मेहनत करती है ।kanika exams pass karne ke liye kadi mehnat karti hai | Kanika works hard to pass the examination. |
मैं मेरी गलती मानता हूँ । me meri galati manta hun | I admit my mistake. |
मनु रोज अखबार पढ़ता है । manu roz akhbaar padta hai | Manu reads newspaper daily. |
सूर्य चमकता है । surya chamkata hai | The sun shines. |
तारे चमकते हैं । tare chamakte hai | The stars twinkle. |
तुम दोनो खीर पसंद करते हो । tum dono kheer pasand karoge ho | Both of you like kheer. |
तुम्हारा बेटा तुम्हारे जैसा दिखता है । tumhara beta tumhare jesa dikhta hai | Your son looks like you. |
मेरी घड़ी सही समय दिखाती है ।meri ghadi sahi samay dikhati hai | My watch shows the correct time. |
मेरा बर्थडे साल में एक बार आता है । Mera birthday saal me ek baar aata hai | My birthday comes once a year. |
होली साल में एक बार आती है । holi haar saal aati hai | Holi comes once a year. |
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