Day 23 present indefinite positive

Present Indefinite Tense - Positive

वर्तमान अनिश्चित काल - सकारात्मक

Present Indefinite Tense
Type of Sentence	Rule
Positive	Subject + Verb (Ist form) + s/es + Object + (.)

In present indefinite tense, if the subject is third person singular, ‘s’ or ‘es’ is added with first form of verb.

प्रेज़न्ट इन्डेफिनेट टेन्स में वर्ब के साथ ''s' या 'es' का प्रयोग तभी करते हैं जब वाक्य का सब्जेक्ट थर्ड पर्सन सिंगुलर हो ।

Present indefinite tense meiN verb key saath ‘s’ yaa ‘es’ kaa prayog tabhee karate hai jab vaakya kaa subject third person singular ho.

What is First person, Second person and Third person.
First person	I and We	Speaking person
Second person	you	Person to whom spoken
Third person	he, she, it, they,Ram	Person(s) about whom/which spoken. (Everyone except I, we & you).
पहला व्यक्ति	मैं और हम	बोलने वाला व्यक्ति
दूसरा व्यक्ति	तुम	जिस व्यक्ति को कहा जाता है
तीसरा व्यक्ति	वह, वे, राम	व्यक्ति / वस्तु जिसके बारे में कहा जाता है (मैं, हम और तुम - 'I, we, you' को छोड़ कर दुनिया की बाकि सब चीजें)

He studies in college / I study in school. - Subject 'He' is third person singular, hence 's/es' is added with the verb and 'I' is first person hence 's/es' is not added with the verb.

Dog barks / Dogs bark - Here 's/es' is added when subject is third person singular and 's/es' is not added when subject becomes third person plural.

He studies in college / I study in school. - कर्ता 'He' तीसरा व्यक्ति (एकवचन) है इसलिए 's/es' को वर्ब के साथ जोड़ा गया है और कर्ता 'I' पहला व्यक्ति है इसलिए 's/es' वर्ब के साथ नही जोड़ा गया है ।

Dog barks / Dogs bark - कर्ता 'Dog' तीसरा व्यक्ति (एकवचन) है इसलिए 's/es' को वर्ब के साथ जोड़ा गया है और जब कर्ता तीसरा व्यक्ति ही है परंतु बहुवचन हो जाता है तब वर्ब के साथ 's/es' नही जोड़ा जाता ।

He studies in college / I study in school. - Kartaa 'He' teesaraa vyakti (ekvachan) hai isliye 's/es' ko verb ke saath joDaa gayaa hai aur Kartaa 'I' pahalaa vyakti hai isliye 's/es' verb ke saath nahee joDaa gayaa hai.

Dog barks / Dogs bark - Kartaa 'Dog' teesaraa vyakti (ekvachan) hai isliye 's/es' ko verb ke saath joDaa gayaa hai aur jab Kartaa teesaraa vyakti hee hai parantu bahuvachan ho jaataa hai tab verb ke saath 's/es' nahee joDaa jaataa.

Present Indefinite Tense - Positive		मैं मंगलवार को मंदिर जाता हूँ । me mangalwar ko mandir jata hun
Person	Subject	Observe addition of 's' or 'es' with verb
Ist Person -Singular	I	Go	to Temple on त Tuesday.
Ist Person -Plural	We	Go	to Temple on Tuesday.
2nd Person	You	Go	to Temple on Tuesday.
3rd Person -Singular	He/She/It/Ram/Seema	Goes	to Temple on Tuesday.
3rd Person -Plural	They/boys	Go	to Temple on Tuesday.

General rule of adding ‘s’ or ‘es’ with verb

क्रिया के साथ 'S' या 'es' जोड़ने का सामान्य नियम

Uses of S and Es In present Simple sentences In English Grammar Through HINDI /Rules of S/Es In Urdu

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"es" is added with verb which ends with letter" "	Examples
"O"	Go-goes, Do-does,
"CH"	Teach-teaches, Fetch-fetches
"SS"	Miss-misses, Kiss-kisses
"SH"	Finish-finishes, Wash-washes
"X"	Box-boxes, fax-faxes
When last letter of verb is 'y' and second last letter is a consonant, then for adding 's' with the verb, the letter 'y' is replaced with 'ies' jaise - study-studies, cry-cries, try-tries. When last letter of verb is 'y' and second last letter is a vowel, then we just add 's' after 'y' jaise - obey-obeys, play-plays, day-days. In almost other cases, "s" is added with the verb.

A sentence must have a verb. When another verb comes in the sentence, 'To' is used before another verb(s) (other than main verb). e.g. He goes to park to see Anita. Here main verb is 'go' which is used as per rule of the tense and another verb is 'see' hence 'to' is used before verb 'see'.

वाक्य का लगभग पहला शब्द सब्जेक्ट होता है । जिस शब्द के अंत में 'ना', 'नी', 'ने' का प्रयोग हो उसे वर्ब कहते हैं (जैसे - लिखना, पढ़ना, सोना, आदि)

हिन्दी के वाक्यों में मुख्य वर्ब काल के नियमानुसार होता है जैसे खेलता हूँ, खेला, खेलुंगा, आदि । जब हिन्दी के वाक्य में, वर्ब के अंत में 'ना / ने' का प्रयोग हो तो हम वर्ब से पहले 'To' का प्रयोग करते हैं (जैसे - वह पार्क में अनिता से मिलने जाता है - इस वाक्य में वर्ब 'मिलने' के अंत में 'ने' आया है अतः इस से पहले 'To' का प्रयोग करेंगे - He goes park to see Anita.)

Vaakya kaa lagbhag pahalaa shabd Subject hotaa hai. Jis shabd ke ant meiN 'naa, nee, ne' kaa prayog ho use verb kahate hai (jaise-likhanaa, paDhanaa, sonaa, aadee)

Hindi ke vaakyo meiN mukhya verb Kaal ke niyamaanusaar hotaa hai jaise khelataa hoon, khelaa, khelunga, aadee. Jab Hindi ke vaakya meN, verb ke ant meiN 'naa/ne' kaa prayog ho to ham verb se pahale 'To' kaa prayog karate hai (jaise - Vah park meiN Anita se milane jaataa hai - is vaakya meiN verb ' milane' ke ant meiN 'ne' aayaa hai atah is se pahale 'to' kaa prayog karenge - (He goes to park to see Anita.)

When 'Come or Go' is used before name of places in a sentence, 'To' is used after 'Come/Go' 'To' is not used before the words - 'Home / Abroad / Here / There'

स्थान से पहले जब भी 'come/go' का प्रयोग हो तो 'come/go, के बाद अपनी तरफ से 'To' का प्रयोग करते हैं । इन शब्द 'Home / Abroad / Here / There' से पहले 'To' को प्रयोग नही करते हैं ।

Sthaan se pahale jab bhee 'come/go' kaa prayog ho to 'come/go' ke baad apanee taraf se 'To' kaa prayog karate hai. In shabd 'Home / Abroad / Here / There' se pahale 'To' kaa prayog nahee karate hai.

Examples

वाक्य	Sentence
हम भोपाल जाने की योजना बनाते हैं । (hum bhopal jane ki yojanaayen bana rhe hai)	We plan to go to Bhopal.
वे विदेश जाने की योजना बनाते हैं । yeh videsh jane ki yojanaayen banate hai	They plan to go abroad.
कृपया यहां आइए । kripya yahan aaiye	Please come here
कृपया वहां जाइए । kripya wahan jaiye	Please go there
कृपया मेरे पास आओ । kripya mere paas aao	Please come to me.
वह घर जाता है । wah ghar jata hai	He goes home.
मां अपने बच्चे की रक्षा करने के लिए झूठ बोलती है । maa apne bacho ki raksha karne ke liye jhoot bolti hai	Mother tells lie to protect her child.
वह केवल खाने के लिए घर आता है । wah kewal kkhane ke liye ghar aata hai	He comes home only to take food.
नाज काम करने इंद्रपुरी जाती है । naaz kaam karne indrapuri jati hai	Naaz goes to work to Indrapuri.
नेता वोट मांगने आते हैं । Neta vote maangane aate hai	Leaders come to ask for vote.
शिल्पा कॉलेज मस्ती करने जाती है । Shilpa college masti karne jati hai	Shilpa goes to college to enjoy.
कनिका इग्जैम पास करने के लिए कड़ी मेहनत करती है ।kanika exams pass karne ke liye kadi mehnat karti hai	Kanika works hard to pass the examination.
मैं मेरी गलती मानता हूँ । me meri galati manta hun	I admit my mistake.
मनु रोज अखबार पढ़ता है । manu roz akhbaar padta hai	Manu reads newspaper daily.
सूर्य चमकता है । surya chamkata hai	The sun shines.
तारे चमकते हैं । tare chamakte hai	The stars twinkle.
तुम दोनो खीर पसंद करते हो । tum dono kheer pasand karoge ho	Both of you like kheer.
तुम्हारा बेटा तुम्हारे जैसा दिखता है । tumhara beta tumhare jesa dikhta hai	Your son looks like you.
मेरी घड़ी सही समय दिखाती है ।meri ghadi sahi samay dikhati hai	My watch shows the correct time.
मेरा बर्थडे साल में एक बार आता है । Mera birthday saal me ek baar aata hai	My birthday comes once a year.
होली साल में एक बार आती है । holi haar saal aati hai	Holi comes once a year.